Glutamine is the principle circulating amino acid, accounting for 50 percent
of the total exchangeable amino acid pool. Enteral administration of glutamine enhances glucose absorption and appears to be the major energy source
for the intestinal epithelium. Glutamine also increases intestinal villus height
in stressed animals, stimulates gut mucosal cellular proliferation, and
maintains mucosal integrity.

Glutamine is required by cells in the immune system (lymphocytes and
macrophage), which require glutamine for purine and pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis needed in cell division. The requirement for glutamine will increase dramatically after injury, surgery, burns, or disease, since immune system activity increases and an increased number of cells participate in cell division.

MCTs are smaller in size and more ionized than LCTs, and therefore are more rapidly and more completely hydrolyzed than LCTs in generating ATP. The smaller size should also help reduce the risk of osmotic diarrhea. In addition, MCTs provide two times the energy per gram as LCTs and are well tolerated by dogs.

Q.

Normally, beneficial bacteria (probiotics) grow more rapidly than pathogenic bacteria, depriving the pathogenic bacteria of needed nutrients; thus, a majority of the bacteria
in the gut are beneficial bacteria. These beneficial bacteria make important B-complex vitamins, help improve certain normal digestive processes, reduce blood ammonia levels, stimulate the immune system, and lead to a healthier patient. However, when there is extended stress on the animal, the whole system is upset and the delicate balance is lost. The number of beneficial bacteria decline dramatically and the
pathogenic bacteria increase in number several-fold, which can cause diarrhea.

Supplementing beneficial bacteria (probiotics) will re-colonize the gut and allow
beneficial bacteria to compete with pathogenic bacteria, returning the gut to normal balance. RetroSyn™ 3R™ Gels contain beneficial bacteria including Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus plantarum.